Computer Security

Computer security is the process of preventing and detecting unauthorized use of your computer. Prevention measures help you to stop unauthorized users(also known as "intruders")   from accessing any part of your computer system. Detection helps you to determine whether or not someone attempted to break into your system, if they were successful, and what they may have done.
We use computers for everything from banking and investing to shopping and communicating with others through email or chat programs. Although you may not consider your communications "top secret," you probably do not want strangers reading your email, using your computer to attack other systems, sending forged email from your computer, or examining personal information stored on your computer (such as financial statements).Having control of your computer gives them the ability to hide their true location as they launch attacks, often against high-profile computer systems such as government or financial systems. Even if you have a computer connected to the Internet only to play the latest games or to send email to friends and family, your computer may be a target. Intruders may be able to watch all your actions on the computer, or cause damage to your computer by reformatting your hard drive or changing your data.

Electronic Commerce

Electronic commerce, commonly known as e-commerce consists of the buying and selling of
products or services over electronic systems such as the Internet and other computer Networks. The amount of trade conducted electronically has grown extraordinarily with widespread Internet usage. The use of commerce is conducted in this way, spurring and drawing on innovations in electronic funds transfer, supply chain management,Internet marketing,Online transaction Processing,Electronic data Interchange(EDI),Inventory management system and automated data collection systems. Modern electronic commerce typically uses the World Wide Web at least at some point in the transaction's life cycle, although it can encompass a wider range of technologies such as e-mail as well.
Electronic commerce that is conducted between businesses is referred to as business-to-business or B2B. B2B can be open to all interested parties  or limited to specific, pre-qualified participants . Electronic commerce that is conducted between businesses and consumers, on the other hand, is referred to as business-to-consumers or B2C. This is the type of electronic commerce conducted by companies such as Amazon.com.Online shopping  is a form of electronic commerce where the buyer is directly online to the seller's computer usually via the internet. There is no intermediary service. The sale and purchase transaction is completed electronically and interactively in real-time such as Amazon.com for new books. If an intermediary is present, then the sale and purchase transaction is called electronic commerce such as eBay.com.

Communication System

A communication system is a collection of individual communication networks,transmission systems,relay systems,tributary stations, and data terminal equipment (DTE) usually capable of interconnection and interoperation to form an integrated whloe.The components of communication system serve a common purpose,are technically compatible,use common procedures,respond to controls,and operate in unison.Telecommunication is a method oc communication(e.g,broadcasting,mass media,journalism, etc).
A communication subsyestem is a functional unit that is smaller than the large assembly under considerations.Examples of communication subsyestems os the Defense Communications System(DCS) are:satellite link,interconnect facilities at each Earth terminal of the sattellite link,optical fiber cable.Communication system basically consists of a receiver,frequency translator and a transmitter.It also contains transponders and other transponders in it and communication satellite communication system receives signals from the antenna subsystems.The examples are Optical Communication System,Radio Communication System,Power line Communication System,Duplex Communication System,Tactical Communication System.

Advantages Of Computer Technology

Some people say that computers have made life easier and more convenient. Other people say that computers have made life more complex and stressful. In the 1980s, computers began to take up new roles in various forms. A simple computer could be a cash machine in a supermarket, which does not look like a traditional one. In the past two decades, the price of components used for computers steadily fell due to higher technological advancement, reduced cost of manufacturing, stiffer competition, entrance of more manufacturers, new usage that simplified many processes, greater market demand and inevitability to higher productivity. And the trend of the usage of computer is changing rapidly, from governmental to civilian. Till now, the beginning of the 21st century, computers are becoming more powerful and functional and much closer to our daily life. The aim of this report is to find out the relationship between people's life and computer and the role of computer in the modern century, as well as determining the Computer's popularity, functions and the our groups opinions .

History Of Computer Technology

A complete history of computing would include a multitude of diverse devices such as the ancient Chinese abacus, the Jacquard loom (1805) and Charles Babbage's ``analytical engine'' (1834). It would also include discussion of mechanical, analog and digital computing architectures. As late as the 1960s, mechanical devices, such as the Marchant calculator, still found widespread application in science and engineering. During the early days of electronic computing devices, there was much discussion about the relative merits of analog vs. digital computers. In fact, as late as the 1960s, analog computers were routinely used to solve systems of finite difference equations arising in oil reservoir modeling. In the end, digital computing devices proved to have the power, economics and scalability necessary to deal with large scale computations. Digital computers now dominate the computing world in all areas ranging from the hand calculator to the supercomputer and are pervasive throughout society. Therefore, this brief sketch of the development of scientific computing is limited to the area of digital, electronic computers.

Computer

A computer is a programmable machine that receives input, stores and manipulates data, and provides output in a useful format.While a computer can, in theory, be made out of almost anything (see misconceptions section), and mechanical examples of computers have existed through much of recorded human history, the first electronic computers were developed in the mid-20th century (1940–1945). Originally, they were the size of a large room, consuming as much power as several hundred modern personal computers (PCs). Modern computers based on integrated circuits are millions to billions of times more capable than the early machines, and occupy a fraction of the space. Simple computers are small enough to fit into mobile devices, and can be powered by a small battery. Personal computers in their various forms are icons of the Information age and are what most people think of as "computers". However, the embedded computers found in many devices from MP3 players fighter aircraft and from toys to industrial robots are the most numerous.

The first use of the word "computer" was recorded in 1613, referring to a person who carried out calculations, or computations, and the word continued to be used in that sense until the middle of the 20th century. From the end of the 19th century onwards though, the word began to take on its more familiar meaning, describing a machine that carries out computations.